This book analyzes the importance of maize worldwide and the special importance for Mexico as a center of origin and diversity (COD). By adopting a comparative approach, the analysis focuses on how developed and developing countries handle imports of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s). The book also analyzes the impact that GMO maize imports from the USA might have in Mexico as a COD of maize. This book illustrates the process of economic liberalization in Mexico from the 1980s until the inception of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, and provides a descriptive and analytical insight into the Mexican legal framework of biotechnology and biosafety, including complying with both international environmental and trade commitments.