In this book, seven leading biomarker research groups cover a variety of topics from general study design principles to normalization of spectral data. Some of the topics covered are: Understanding design issues in validating biomarker; Innovative systems for gene expression profiling and drug discovery and development; Proteomic research; Longitudinal biomarkers; and the feasibility of non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo imaging of microanatomical changes in the epidermis and dermis during early carcinogenesis using a mouse skin model.