Random Effect and Latent Variable Model Selection In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the collection of multivariate and correlated data in a wide variety of fields. For example, it is now standard pr- tice to routinely collect many response variables on each individual in a study. The different variables may correspond to repeated measurements over time, to a battery of surrogates for one or more latent traits, or to multiple types of outcomes having an unknown dependence structure. Hierarchical models that incorporate subje- specific parameters are one of the most widely-used tools for analyzing multivariate and correlated data. Such subject-specific parameters are commonly referred to as random effects, latent variables or frailties. There are two modeling frameworks that have been particularly widely used as hierarchical generalizations of linear regression models. The first is the linear mixed effects model (Laird and Ware , 1982) and the second is the structural equation model (Bollen , 1989). Linear mixed effects (LME) models extend linear regr- sion to incorporate two components, with the first corresponding to fixed effects describing the impact of predictors on the mean and the second to random effects characterizing the impact on the covariance. LMEs have also been increasingly used for function estimation. In implementing LME analyses, model selection problems are unavoidable. For example, there may be interest in comparing models with and without a predictor in the—xed and/or random effects component.