This book explores the design, synthesis, and characterization of natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials for diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial coatings. It highlights advances in polymer chemistry, offering insights into the modification of polymers’ properties to meet biomedical challenges. The book provides detailed strategies for material design and characterization, addressing practical issues faced by researchers. It also covers crucial aspects such as materials-tissue interaction, sterilization prior to in vivo use, and the characterization of biomaterials for development. Serving as a comprehensive guide for students, researchers, and professionals in the biomedical field, this book aims to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical applications.