The debate on what has come to be called "The Agrarian Question in Brazil" has intensified in recent years. It is not, however, the first time that this issue has been discussed among us. In fact, this controversy has already polarized much of the debate at other times in national life. In the 1930s, for example, this discussion revolved around the coffee crisis and the great depression that began with the crash of the New York Stock Exchange in 1929. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the discussion of the agrarian question was part of the controversy over the direction Brazilian industrialization should take.It was then argued that Brazilian agriculture - due to its backwardness - would be an obstacle to economic development, understood as synonymous with the country's industrialization. This diagnosis was reinforced by the crisis in the Brazilian economy, particularly in the 1961/67 period. After 1967, until 1973, the country entered a phase of accelerated economic growth.