Supercomputing is a technology for high-performance computing that makes use of supercomputers. These computers are made up of interconnects, input-output systems, memory and processor cores. They have more than one CPU which consists of circuits for deciphering program instructions and executing the arithmetic and logic operations in a proper order. Another characteristic feature of supercomputers is their use of vector arithmetic. This feature provides them with the ability to operate on pairs of lists of numbers rather than only on pairs of numbers. Supercomputers are primarily used for scientific and engineering work that requires exceedingly high-speed computations. Some applications of supercomputers include weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling, physical simulation, and cryptology. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of supercomputing. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about this area of study.