The essential topics regarding the disease of syphilis are discussed in this all-inclusive book. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease whose first mention dates back to 15th century. It is a worldwide occurring disease and the causative agent of Syphilis is Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (92). This book aims at providing latest information about T. pallidum along with a historical and updated account regarding syphilis and venereal disease. The book contains information about historical characteristics of venereal diseases treatment, immunological aspects, identification of T. pallidum by the innate immune's pattern identification receptors, natural history of syphilis comprising of its epidemiology and clinical manifestations, the complete genome analysis of treponemes and new targets for its molecular diagnosis, temporal and spatial patterns of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis elucidated by the spatial as well as space-time scan statistics, clinical characteristics regarding psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis, generally used techniques for laboratorial diagnosis, security in blood transfusion and the serological reaction to treatment of syphilis. This book will be useful not only for researchers and students, but for a wide range of audience interested in studying about Syphilis as well.