Our purpose is fivefold in this short work: first, we identify the theories of caste system its features and functions; second, we look at how the Muslim rulers who ruled India for 900 years and the British who ruled India for 250 years had handled the caste system as well as how the Independent India has dealt with the caste system as well as how the Independent India has sought to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes (Dalits and Adivasis) third, we identify the beliefs, practices of Islam. Buddhism and Christianity and their role in India; fourth, we discuss the current socioeconomic conditions of the Dalits and the Adivasis and the atrocities they experience certain caste Hindus, and finally, we suggest the ways on how to end the caste system and Dalit oppression, we feel it is imperative that India, a multireligious and multiethnic country has a government that is unequivocally committed to secularism and pluralism so as to emerge as a prosperous and exemplary egalitarian and a fully integrated country.