Composed by Gregory of Nazianus in the fourth century, Sermons 4, 5, 39, and 43 are remarkable for their large number of classical allusions. They reflect Gregory's determination, shared by many other Christians both before and after him, to preserve the useful aspects of Greek learning for the service of the church in a world where a pagan system of education still held power.
Less than two centuries later, the work of the unknown commentator that is translated here highlights the survival of Greek learning in these same sermons, albeit in an artless and elementary way. In sharp contrast to the style of Gregory, the commentator, thought to have come from the eastern Mediterranean, used a basic technique of the schools to compose his work. His commentaries are but collections and explanations of the majority of Gregory's classical references in these sermons. Some of his explanations are inadequate; others are confused or incorrect. All are nonetheless written in the same unpretentious, immediately identifiable, and confident style. Historically and culturally invaluable, these commentaries present us with a striking insight into one Christian's attitude to the interface between Greek literature and pagan beliefs in an increasingly Christianized world.