This text analyzes and demonstrates the different management methods of the Entités Territoriales Décentralisées (ETD) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), as they are considered to be the constituencies closest to the population. The main aim of territorial decentralization is to bring about the development of the republic from the bottom up. But the effectiveness of this decentralization has dragged on for over fifteen years. Our investigations have shown that it is the lack of political will that explains this delay. And to achieve this effectiveness, the State must organize local elections in all ETDs to make local political institutions functional and operational: councils and executive colleges.