The paper titled "The Role of the Military in the State-Building Process in South Sudan" explores the complex interplay between the military and state-building efforts in one of the world's youngest nations, formed after a prolonged civil war and independence from Sudan in 2011. The study emphasises the significance of the military in South Sudan's governance framework, particularly in light of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005, which aimed to address the underlying causes of the conflict. It examines how the military's involvement in political processes has both hindered and shaped state-building, often prioritising its interests over national stability. The paper assesses past and present military actions, analyzing the implications for civilian governance and institutional development as well as the ongoing challenges, such as corruption and factionalism. Ultimately, it aims to provide insights into the military's dual role as a potential stabilising force and a barrier to effective governance, highlighting the necessity for reform and a clear definition of military responsibilities in achieving a peaceful and sustainable future for South Sudan.