This work is the result of research and analysis of the impacts and consequences of biotechnological agriculture, enabling debate and reflection capable of revealing whether genetic modification of food has solved problems such as hunger, malnutrition, and environmental degradation, or whether this model of agribusiness in commodities and monoculture of Genetically Modified Organisms represents only a threat capable of causing irreversible damage to humans and the environment. Despite the uncertainty regarding the long-term effects of the manipulation and consumption of these foods, there are positive aspects, although the comparison of arguments and research for and against does not allow for the formation of a completely reliable and unbiased opinion on biotech agriculture. In short, there is no consensus on the acceptance of genetically modified foods, as their most obvious impact on health is related to the unprecedented increase in the use of pesticides, which, although not exclusive to biotechnology, has undoubtedly increased exponentially in terms of volume, method of application, concentration of increasingly toxic active ingredients, and residues in food.