The book explores the concept of the "Thucydides Trap" in the context of the escalating tension between the United States and China. The authors argue that this trap, which posits that the likelihood of conflict significantly increases when a rising power challenges an established hegemon, is a key factor in understanding the current geopolitical landscape. This concept is rooted in Thucydides' observation of the Peloponnesian War, where The rise of Athenian power challenged Spartan supremacy, leading to a devastating war. The book is meticulously structured, with each chapter delving into specific aspects of the Thucydides Trap, particularly in the context of US-China relations. The preface, which includes a review of literature by Hichem Karoui, serves to situate the book within the existing scholarly discourse. The introduction then guides us through the origins of the Thucydides Trap and its contemporary relevance in international conflict.Further chapters discuss notable cases like the Peloponnesian War, Anglo-German naval arms races, and the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom after the Second World War. These case studies aid in understanding the shifts in power balances and the complex causes that may lead to or prevent wars.Crucially, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the ongoing US-China conflict, particularly in light of China's unprecedented economic and technological growth. It thoroughly examines the application of the Thucydides Trap to this relationship, considering arguments from both sides and critiquing the concept without necessarily presenting alternative viewpoints. In conclusion, the book suggests that while the Thucydides Trap provides a compelling narrative about the dangers of power transition conflict between the US and China, it does not necessarily predict an inevitable conflict. The authors emphasise the need for carefully planned diplomatic and cooperative relations, along with strategic engagement, as measures that can preserve global peace and prevent conflict.Historical context and modern-day relevance are intertwined in this analysis, considering it one of the notable global rivalries in modern times.