Under-five mortality remains a critical public health concern in many developing regions, including the state of Odisha in India. Despite significant policy efforts and interventions, reducing child mortality continues to pose challenges due to complex socio-demographic, economic, and health-related factors. This book presents a comprehensive statistical exploration of the under-five mortality scenario in Odisha, employing advanced statistical modelling techniques and leveraging large-scale demographic survey data.The study utilizes data from the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), which provide rich demographic and health information at national and state levels. NFHS data sets are recognized for their methodological rigor, making them a reliable source for analyzing mortality patterns and health outcomes. Using these data, this book applies a multi-model approach, integrating logistic regression, survival analysis, and count regression models to examine the determinants of under-five mortality comprehensively.The logistic regression models are used to identify significant risk factors associated with the likelihood of under-five mortality.