Higher education and university settings are an increasingly important and interesting area of research - models of quality, excellence and also efficiency are suggested, discussed and implemented in most universities and university systems. As in most countries public tax money is providing the majority of higher education budgets, research questions regarding the return on this tax investment are en vogue and important. This book presents new empirical insights into higher education (research and teaching) excellence as well as data about university efficiency for Germany, Australia and Turkey. In an integrated perspective also a model for excellence and efficiency in university settings is suggested.