This book aims to generate a problematizing discussion on the subject of imprisonment. To this end, a brief systematic review of scientific production on prison resocialization and a historical overview of the main prison riots in Brazil were carried out. What emerged was a repetition and a narrow view of the subject, with a scarcity of studies covering various aspects, and a lack of studies focusing on rebellions. We hope to contribute to a greater participation of science in the search for a solution or improvement in the circumstances currently experienced by the Brazilian prison system.