Historians and inquisitive laymen alike love to ponder the dramatic what-ifs of history. In these never-before-published essays, some of the keenest minds of our time ask the big, tantalizing questions: Where might we be if history had not unfolded the way it did? Why, how, and when was our fortune made real? The answers are surprising, sometimes frightening, and always entertaining.This provocative collection of essays features today's foremost historians speculating on these "what ifs", providing a fascinating new perspective on history's most pivotal events. The essays include:* Infectious Alternatives: The Plague that Saved Jerusalemby William H. McNeil* No Glory That Was Greece: The Persians Win at Salamisby Victor Davis Hanson* Conquest Denied: Alexander the Great's Premature Deathby Josiah Ober* Furor Teutonicus: The Teutoburgby Lewis Lapham* The Dark Ages Made Lighter: The Consequences of Two Defeatsby Barry S. Strauss* The Death that Saved Europe: The Mongols Turn Backby Cecilia Holland* If Only It Had Not Been Such a Wet Summerby Theodore K. Rabb* The Immolation of Hernán Cortésby Ross Hassig